Chemical Safety In Schools Environmental Sciences Essay

Chemical Safety In Schools Environmental Sciences Essay Chemistry plays an important role in human civilization. It enables us to formulate substances important for disease treatment, fertilize plants and provide fuel for transportation ( ). For many years, chemistry has been considered the central science due to its significant connections and overlap with other sciences. If a scientific discipline involves matter, chances are that chemistry plays an important role. Therefore, we will always need people who have a good knowledge of chemistry. As expressed by Beach and Stone (1988) â€Å"chemistry education without laboratory is like painting without colors and canvas or learning how to ride a bike by reading its operating manual† (Tezcan and Bilgin, 2004). The study of chemistry in schools equips students with knowledge in the classroom and skills of conducting experiments in laboratories during practical sessions that are scheduled once a week for a period of two to three hours (MOH, 2001). 2.1.2 Hazards Chemical in the School E xperiments The teaching of chemistry at secondary school includes the use of hazardous chemical, which is essential for the understanding of chemistry fundamentals. Example of hazardous chemicals that are available at school chemistry laboratory are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, natrium hydroxide, hydrogen sulfate, ammonium sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, propanol and acetone (MOH, 2000). These chemicals are classified as hazardous chemicals to health under the Malaysia Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemical Hazardous to Health) Regulations 2000. In view of their hazardous characteristics, the government through the Department of Occupational Safety and Health regulates labelling and packaging of these chemicals. A specific law pertaining to these hazardous chemicals, the Occupational Safety and Health (Classification, Packaging John Kiesswetter et al., 1994; Medinsky et al., 1995). Malaysian Occupational Safety & Health (Ac t 514) and Occupational Safety & Health Regulation 2000 (Use and Standard of Exposure to Chemicals Hazardous to Health) specify the permissible exposure level (PEL). The PEL is the maximum time-weighted average concentration of hazardous chemicals in the air of working area that workers can be exposed without the need to wear personal protective equipment and the PEL for acetone, ethanol and formaldehyde are 1187.0, 1880.0 and 0.4 mg/m3, respectively (MDC, 2005). 2.1.3 Safety Precautions In view of the physical and health hazards of the chemicals, there is requires the implementation of safety precaution and hazard control to reduce the risk of exposure to the chemical hazards. Safety precaution differs based on the type of the chemical hazards. Safety precautions differ based on the type chemical hazards. General safety precaution is personal hygiene whereby the user as advice:

Heroin addiction Vs cancer support groups Term Paper

Heroin addiction Vs cancer support groups - Term Paper Example Their curiosity has given rise to a culture where people strive to help one another in any way they can. Social dealing and networking is one of the most fundamental ways in which people gain knowledge and awareness about common issues and learn how to deal with them. One such form of social networking is a support group. Support groups are such organizations or agencies that help people suffering from a common condition (usually disease) deal with their condition (Hunter, 2011). Support groups offer help to the needy both personally through appointments, and generally on-line. Preference of forum: There is considerable difference between the preference of forum for the support group between the Cancer patients and the Heroin addicts. Cancer is a disease that may be acquired because of any reason without the personal involvement or fault of the patient in his/her condition. There is generally, a lot of respect for Cancer patients in the society and they are looked at with sympathy an d affection. The case is not alike for Heroin addicts. Heroin addicts are visualized as useless members of society and are looked at with hatred. They are known as the cause of frustration and various social upsets in the society. People tend to keep their children away from the company of Heroine addicts. Many Heroin addicts are socially excluded. The society does not accept them.

External and Internal Environments Research Paper - 5

External and Internal Environments - Research Paper Example The issues related to this segment include obesity and health concerns and product quality concerns, including concerns related to the ingredients of the beverages (Coca-Cola Annual Report 2013). Another segment is the global segment, as the company operates globally, and is planning to expand its operations in developing and emerging markets. The company might fail its global growth strategy because of adverse economic and political conditions, different cultural attributes, limited purchasing power or inability to acquire local bottling companies (Coca-Cola Annual Report 2013). In the soft drink industry, fierce rivalry between dominant producers Coca-Cola and Pepsi Co and the threat of substitution are strong, while the threat of entry, the bargaining power of buyers and the power of suppliers are more benign. The Coca-Cola Company is facing fierce industry competition, and in order to keep its competitive advantage, the company has created and implemented integrated marketing programs, aimed to increase consumers’ awareness and raise appeal for the Coca-Cola’s brands (Coca-Cola Annual Report 2012). Moreover, in order to raise customer preference for Coca-Cola’s brands, the company has been undertaking some joint brand-building initiatives with the customers (Coca-Cola Annual Report 2012). As the threat of substitution is high in the soft drink industry as the popularity of tea, coffee and other non-alcoholic beverages is growing, the Coca-Cola has also diversified its brand portfolio with new products, substitutes for soft drinks, such as bottled waters (Dasani, Ciel), sport drinks (Powerrade), juices (Simply Orange, Del Valle), vitamin water and smartwater (Glacà ©au), tea (Fuze tea, organic bottled tea Honest Tea), etc. (Coca-Cola Company, n.d.). With the same two forces in mind, high industry rivalry and threat of substitution, it is possible to suggest that the Coca-Cola Company might introduce coffee drinks and more healthy (sugar

Technology Assisted Reproduction Essays -- Research Reproduction Essay

Technology Assisted Reproduction Introduction Reproduction is fundamental for the perpetuation of a species and therefore is a trait all species possess. Human reproduction is usually not viewed in this context. Extinction of humans is not considered a threat, but the ability to reproduce is an issue of meeting social expectations. Psychologist Dr. Helen Fisher states that society tends to pressure women into feeling that motherhood is their sole connection to being female (Rutter, 1996). Likewise, men are influenced by society into feeling that they need to perform their part by "planting the seed" (Rutter, 1996). Fisher's insight may only represent parts of the reason humans feel the need to reproduce. However, it is evident that the ability to conceive a child is an important issue for most married couples. Unfortunately, complications occur when couples are infertile. Recent developments in reproductive technology have provided alternative methods of reproduction that can greatly enhance an infertile couple's chances of conc eiving. However, there are ethical and legal issues that accompany the use of these reproductive technologies. It is the responsibility of everyone, especially Christians, to become informed of the options reproductive technology can provide as well as the legal and ethical issues involved with their use before taking appropriate action. Background Beginning at puberty, the human male makes millions of sperm a day and continues to do so for about the next 50 years. On the other hand, the human female is born with approximately one million eggs, which are all that she will ever have (Infertility, 1996). The onset of menstruation during adolescence signals the beginning of a cycle in which hormo... ...win births soar with popularity of fertility drugs." Discovery. http://detnews.com/1997/discover/9702/20/02170076.htm. (September 24, 1998). Nelson, J.B. (1973). Human Medicine: ethical perspectives on new medical issues. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House. "Reproductive Medicines." (1998). Organon. http://www.fertility-net.com/medicines.html. (September 23, 1998). "Reproductive Technology." (1996). Better Health and Medical. http://www.betterhealth.com/HK/ArticleMain/0,1349,178-496-488,00.htm. (September 23, 1998). Rutter, V. T. (1996, March). "Who stole fertility?" Psychology Today. pp. 46-49. Thomasma, D. C. & Kushman, T. Eds. (1996). Birth to Death. New York: Cambridge University Press. Youngkin, Dr. (1997). "Fertility Drugs." Texas Medical Association. http://www.texmed.org/news_events/radio_spots/ne_may0697_30.htm. (September 24, 1998).

Quiz and Final Exam Study Guide Essay

The quizzes and final exam are â€Å"open book, open notes. † The maximum time you can spend on a quiz is 45 minutes. On the final you will have 3 hours and 30 minutes. If you have not clicked the â€Å"Submit For Grade† button by the end of the allotted time, you will be automatically exited from the exam. In the final exam environment, the Windows clipboard is disabled, so you will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. 2. You should click the â€Å"Save Answers† button in the exam frequently. This helps prevent connection timeouts that might occur with certain Internet Service Providers, and also minimizes lost answers in the event of connection problems. If your Internet connection does break, when you reconnect, you will normally be able to get back into your final exam without any trouble. Remember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students are disconnected, so students should try to re-login as quickly as possible. If you lose your Internet connection during a quiz or the final exam, logon again and try to access it. If you are unable to enter it again, first contact the Help Desk and then your instructor. * You will always be able to see the time remaining in the quiz or final exam at the top right of the page. 5. There are multiple pages on the final exam. * Make sure you click the â€Å"Save Answers† button before advancing to the next page (we also suggest clicking on â€Å"Save Answers† while you are working). Complete all of the pages before submitting your Final Exam for instructor review. * Do NOT use your browser’s ‘Back’ and ‘Forward’ buttons during the final exam. * Please use the provided links for navigation. Submitting your quiz or final exam * When you are finished with a quiz or the final exam, click on the â€Å"Submit for Grade† button. * Please note: Once you click the â€Å"Submit for Grade† button, you will NOT be able to edit or change any of your answers. 7. Quiz and Exam Questions * On each quiz, there are 10 multiple-choice questions each worth 5 points and one essay question worth 10 points for a total of 30 points. On the final exam, there are 30 randomly selected multiple-choice questions each worth 5 points and 5 essay questions worth 30 points for a total of 300 points (150 multiple choice points, 150 essay points). * The final exam covers all course TCOs and Weeks 1-7. * The quizzes only cover the TCO’s for that week. * The final exam contains 3 pages, which can be completed in any order. You may go back and forth between the pages. * The quiz and final exam questions are pooled. This means that not everyone will have the same questions. Even if you do have some of the same questions, they may not be in the same order. These questions are distributed amongst the TCOs. * On the essay questions, your answers should be succinct, fully address each part of the question, and demonstrate your knowledge and understanding in a concise but complete answer. Most essay questions require answers that are a couple of paragraphs (not a couple of sentences) that directly speak to each part of the question. Some students opt to work on the essay questions first, due to their higher point value and length of time needed to adequately address each question, but this is entirely your choice. * Remember to always use proper citation when quoting other sources. This means that ANY borrowed material (even a short phrase) should be placed in quotation marks with the source (URL, author/date/page #) immediately following the end of the passage (the end quote). Changing a few words in a passage does NOT constitute putting it in your own words and proper citation is still required. Borrowed material should NOT dominate a student’s work, but should only be used sparingly to support your own thoughts, ideas, and examples. Heavy usage of borrowed material (even if properly cited) can jeopardize the points for that question. Uncited material can jeopardize a passing grade on the exam. As a part of our commitment to academic integrity, your work may be submitted to turnitin. com, an online plagiarism checking service. So please be VERY mindful of proper citation. 8. Some of the key study areas are below. While these are key areas, remember that the exam is comprehensive for all of the assigned course content and this study guide may not be all inclusive. The same goes for the quizzes: there may be material on the quiz that was part of the material for that week, but is not specifically listed here in the study guide.

A Large Number Of Children Around The World Especially

A large number of children around the world especially in the West have been classified as obese, and it is feared that the situation may escalate in the coming years unless the necessary measures are taken. Establishing the causes of obesity in children is a priority as it can help to develop effective preventive measures. The nature/nurture dichotomy is a central aspect in childhood obesity. Essentially, there are divided opinions on whether the propensity to conserve calories and fat in the body, which leads to obesity, is caused by biological factors (nature) or psychosocial as well as behavioral factors (nurture). This essay will argue that childhood obesity results from the interaction of nature and nurture, with the latter†¦show more content†¦According to Skelton, Irby, Grzywacz, and Miller (2012), mutation in the gene that controls leptin production causes leptin deficiency, which in turn inhibits the ability of the brain to regulate body weight. This abnormality in leptin pathways is linked with around 3-4% of severe cases of childhood obesity (Skelton, Irby, Grzywacz, Miller, 2012). Mutations in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene are also associated with early-onset of obesity. POMC neurons produce melanocortins and ÃŽ ²-endorphin, hormones that are also known to regulate feeding behavior. Therefore, deficiency of these hormones due to mutations in POMC also contributes to early onset of obesity (Skelton, Irby, Grzywacz, Miller, 2012). Other genes that are known to play a part in regulating feeding behavior in humans are MC3R and MC4R. Just like in the cases described earlier, abnormalities in MC3R and MC4R contributes to obesity in children (Skelton, Irby, Grzywacz, Miller, 2012). Despite this, mutations in genes only account for a small proportion of cases of childhood obesity. In particular, abnormalities in genes associated with body weight regulation accounts for only 5% of childhood obesity (Flemming, 2011). While the contribution of genetics in childhood obesity is unquestionable, the influence of nurture has also been documented. The most important factor associated with nurture is lifestyle, whichShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of A Same Marriage1225 Words   |  5 Pagesare allowed to be with whoever they want as their spouse. There are some limitations to who they choose, especially those who come from specific background or class. Mexicans usually get married after an engagement is presented to them which can last for many years. The average age for a male to get married is around 24 and for a female it is around 22 years old. With the ever changing world, people get married at any age. 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What Purposes do IPRs and Standards Serve - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1311 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“IPRs and Standards serve different purposes: IPRs are destined for private exclusive use, Standards are intended for public, collective useà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Institute (ETSI) IPR Special Committee With the proliferation of network economy, a common design for the products or technology that can be used universally takes a front seat. Standardization does exactly the same. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Purposes do IPRs and Standards Serve?" essay for you Create order A standard can be defined as a set of technical specifications which seeks to provide a common design for a product or process[1]. Standards improve compatibility and quality of products and services in the market. In the economic market, the consumers prefer to choose a product that is compatible with other services, hence inter-operatability is the key for the interplay between various technologies and that is achieved through the help of standards. Standards influence almost every facet of our lives. Standards are pervasive[2]. We could exchange emails, talk over phones, use a socket plug etc all give an ample support to the interface standards, allowing compatibility between products made by different manufacturers. The requirement of standards is not state-of-the-art concept. Carl Shapiro gives an example of the benefits of standardization narrating a Baltimore incident: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“during the great Baltimore fire of 1904, fire fighters called in from neighboring cities w ere unable to fight the blaze effectively because their hoses would not fit the Baltimore hydrants. The following year, national standards for fire hoses were adopted[3].From the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s outlook, standardization is seen as an instrument that backs varied national public policies, such as public health policy, industry policy and trade policy. In reference to consumers, interoperability helps in better use of a product and gives various options to choose from that results in competition and hence, low prices. The need for developing the standards makes crucial for various firms to get together to develop and promote a standard and also to make products that are compatible with such standard. More often than not, these standards incorporate a technology that is covered by one or two patents. Thus standard setting organizations faced with a situation where companies claim to own proprietary rights over that standard[4]. This restricts the industry to adopt a st andard without the permission from patent holder. Thus, if patent holders enforce their rights in such a way that hamper the widest use of standards, some antagonism between the two systems may arise. This is precisely the coverage of my paper. It is to be seen that common thread runs through patents and standards. If the best patented technology is used in standards for the widest use of public at reasonable cost, then they both serve certain common objectives insofar as they both encourage or support innovation as well as the diffusion of technology. However, all is not well between standards and patents. The use of patented technology in industry standards has drawn a meaningful attention. There is an inherent conflict between the two and it has become a contentious topic for the standard setting organizations, consumers and patent holders to now create a balance between the two. This particular tension comes to the surface when the technology used by the standard is covere d by one or more patents. Indeed, on the one hand, the objective of a standard setting organization (SSO), which in many cases consists of companies interested in the development of the technology in question, is to establish standardized technology that can be used as widely as possible in the market. On the other hand, patent owners in the relevant area may have an interest in the adoption, in the standard, of their own patented technology in order to benefit, at a later stage, from royalties. This raises important questions for companies that own such protected technology, for individuals and companies involved in the standards-setting process as well as for all those enterprises which will then use or adopt the standard for their products or processes. Obviously, it would not be very productive to adopt a standard if an IPR holder can block the implementation of that standard by either refusing to grant a license or requiring such high royalties as to make it impossible for i ts dissemination. This is because patent holders have a bargaining chip to attract additional market-power during and after the process of standardization (through deceptive means or otherwise). Such market power can be used to charge unreasonable royalties for standards-essential patents from those who have implemented the standard in their products leading to lock-in[5]. The above perceived problem is important to be resolved and it is necessary to strike a proper balance between: the rights of the patent owner (licensor) to enjoy the full benefits of the patent, the rights of third parties (licensees) to make and sell standard-compliant products, as well as the public interest not to lock users into specific technology platforms, while recognizing that in daily life society benefits enormously from the advanced technology that standards can bring. In order to mitigate the risks posed by such conflict, Standards-setting bodies come up with their own patent policies that help in smooth and wide dissemination of technologies. SSOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s require the parties taking part in standard setting to disclose the information regarding relevant patents and patent applications and it compels its Members to resort to license their essential patents on reasonable and non-discriminatory (RAND) terms thus ensuring access to essential patents so that the standard is not blocked, but can be implemented in a commercially viable manner by all interested parties, including new entrants. However, there is growing concern in the market whether the standard-setting bodiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ IPR regimes can be potent enough to relieve that tension in the case of an unwilling à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" or indeed an unreasonable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" licensor (or licensee). In any case, they cannot address the situation of patent owners who are not st andard body members. This paper is thus an attempt to provide some insights on how patent is treated when standard is set, it illuminates upon the conflict between patent and standards and is centered on the following research questions: What is the conceptual relationship between standards and patents: complementary or conflict? How patent policies provided by SSO have failed to solve the dispute between patents and standards? OBJECTIVE: The paper will provide an overview of the current debate between patent and standards and will bring out the nature of conflict between the two, examining the current SSOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s policies in resolving the conflict. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: The researcher has examined various online sources to understand the conflict between patents and standards. The researcher has used the doctrinal method of research using various books, articles available in the Justice T.P.S. Chawla Law Library. Further, web based resources have also contributed to the project; including some law based databases and general search engines. [1] See Herbert Hovenkamp, Mark D. Janis Mark Lemley, IP and Antitrust: An Analysis of Antitrust Principles Applied to Intellectual Property Law, (2003-04) at 35.1. [2] See Janice M. Mueller, Patent Misuse through the capture of Industry Standards, Berkeley Technology Law Journal, Vol. 17, p. 623, 2002, available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1346546, last accessed on 8th January 2014. [3] Carl Shapiro, Setting Compatibility Standards: Cooperation or Collusion? Available at https://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/shapiro/standards.pdf , last accessed on 8th January 2014. [4] Mark R. Patterson, in his article asserts that patented invention and standards are two different things. Patentee is not allowed to get revenues out of the interoperatability of standards. Patentee is allowed to get revenues only for the invention that is used in the standard, available at https://www.law.berkeley.edu/journals/btlj/articles/vol17/PATTERSON.pdf , last accessed on 8th January 2014. [5] Mark Lemley and Carl Shapiro (2007), discusses how a threat to an injunction enhances the patent holders negotiating power when the patented technology is used in standards leading to royalty stacking and patent hold up, available at https://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/shapiro/stacking.pdf , last accessed on 8th January 2013.