Lord Of The Flies From A Psychology Viewpoint Essays - Happiness

Lord of the Flies from a Psychology Viewpoint Lord of the Flies from a Psychology Viewpoint In the book, "Lord of the Flies" by William Golding, there were many things that happened that relate well to what we have been doing in Psychology 181. There were several times when I found myself relating what we learned in class to the situation that the group of boys in the book found themselves in. The knowledge that I have learned has helped me understand and try to figure out why some of the characters acted the way they did. I found the whole thing very interesting. In this report I will demonstrate what I have found to be some of the most interesting points of psychology that were incorporated in "Lord of the Flies". This will prove to be a difficult, but inspiring task. The first thing I noticed was we stereotype people as soon as we meet them. Another, interesting psychological finding that was in the book was that the boys had to fill the basic need. This relates to Maslow's hierarchy of human needs. Finally, in doing this report I get to incorporate another interesting point of psychology. That is that I am doing a report from secondary source in perspective of the boys on the island. That is with the assumption that the book is a true story that happened to this group of kids. Stereotyping played a big part in the book. From the first setting, well the first page, there was stereotyping going on. This played a big part in the book as it does in our everyday lives. The story line of the book is that there is a plane full of young boys flying over an ocean. When the plane goes down hitting an island and some of the boys make it, none of the adults do. This leaves the boy on an island to survive while they wait to be rescued. In the opening act of the book the stereotyping begins. There is a kid (Ralph) who is walking on the island when he meets up with another kid (Johnny better known as Piggy). Piggy makes an assumption about Ralph before they hardly meet. Piggy puts trust in Ralph by telling him a nickname that he had in school and hated. Piggy did all these things before he knew Ralph based on a stereotype than he could trust Ralph. Piggy also told Ralph what to do in order to be the leader of the group. In this example you have to assume that Piggy was stereotyping Ralph. He did not know anything about Ralph and yet he told him many personal things. Another example of stereotyping was when Ralph meets Jack. Jack was another member of the plane on the island. Jack was at the first meeting and thought that they should have a leader. He wanted to be elected, but the group voted and elected Ralph as the leader. Immediately, Ralph put Jack in charge of a group of boys. He did this by stereotyping that Jack was a natural leader. He also got to avoid the initial conflict that might have occurred sooner if Jack had not had power over something. This is another fine example of stereotyping. Stereotyping helps us out in our everyday lives. It helps us make generalizations about people this is not necessarily a good or bad deal. It is good in that it helps us keep things sorted out in our minds. It also helps us to act in a proper way around different kinds of people according to social norms. Stereotyping can also create a negative affecting that; it can create wrong impressions about people. This can do many things; it can lead to embarrassment by acting differently around "different" kinds of people; it can lead to unfair or bias opinions about a certain groups or types of people. Stereotyping is a big part of everyone's day-to-day life. My second psychological reference leads me to Maslow's hierarchy of human needs. This comes up because the boys are on an unfamiliar island and all they have is the clothes on their backs. This means that on the island, there is nothing to fill any of their need. For the most part none of the kids even knew each other. This leads me to the first part of Maslow's findings. Which is that of the human needs stated by Maslow. You need to have physiological safety at the top. Every one of the boys filled this need first. Ralph was

Critically discuss any one theologians account between Christianity and other religions Essay Example

Critically discuss any one theologians account between Christianity and other religions Essay Example Critically discuss any one theologians account between Christianity and other religions Essay Critically discuss any one theologians account between Christianity and other religions Essay In order to critically assess one theologians account between Christianity and other religions, it is significant to discuss what is meant by the term theologian. Theologian originates from the Greek words theo meaning God and logia meaning study. So literally, the term theology means the study of god. Usually this term is associated with Christianity, therefore theologians are often those who form there ideologies and arguments from a Christian perspective. Christians in the modern world cannot ignore the existence of other religions. 1This perhaps explains why, from Christian theology have stemmed three major approaches to other world faiths. The approaches towards other traditions, all arguably share the common core themes of salvation and grace. Salvation and grace are usually associated with the Christian tradition. The dictionary definition of salvation includes that it is a deliverance from the power and effects of sin. 2 However, these approaches all outline the different ways in which salvation can and cannot be achieved. Grace is defined as meaning unmerited divine assistance given humans for their regeneration or sanctification. 3 Again, the way in which grace is achieved has diverse methods according to each of these approaches. Pluralism, Exclusivism and Inclusivism are the headings under which these approaches fall. In brief outline, Exclusivism makes the claim that only Christians and those who are aware and who have knowledge of the gospel will experience salvation. Inclusivism acknowledges that Christ is the normative revelation of God, although salvation is possible outside of the explicit Christian church, but salvation is always from Christ (Solus Christus). 4 However, Pluralism, which is often claimed to be the most liberal approach but arguably the most radical approach to other world faiths, makes the claim that Christianity and other traditions are equal and all have a valid path to the one divine reality and Christ is one revelation among many equally important revelations. 5 This attitude is in part adopted by Theologian John Hick. In order to assess, critically, the theology of John Hick it is of primary importance to understand and outline his own ideologies and what is meant by Pluralism. Pluralism does not believe in one Christian God but instead argues that instead of the monotheistic God there is the Real which is something that those from all religions can aspire to. The Pluralist Christian approach comes from a consideration of historical relativity. It claims that all religions are relative and therefore cannot claim superiority over other religions that are equally limited and which have relative ways to salvation. The contemporary congregation between Christians and members of other world faiths has also meant that the former notion of The Church and Christian civilization being morally superior has been transformed. The idea that the real unity of religions is found not in doctrine but in salvation and liberation6 could be said to have led to dialogue with other religions and liberation theology. John Hick has developed the idea of the Real and suggested a Copernican revolution in religion, which stemmed from Copernicus discovery that the planets rotated around the sun. Hick metaphorically suggested that the sun should play the role of the real and the planets should be similar to the world faiths, therefore implying that religions should move towards God or in his case the real and not towards solely Christ, this therefore concludes that his ideology is Theocentric rather than Christocentric. He also argues that Christianity has treated itself as a superior religion for a substantial amount of time which in turn has marked other religions as a less efficient and invalid means to salvation. Hick strongly opposes the idea held by inclusivists and exclusivists of Solus Christus, claiming it is incompatible with the God7 apparent within the Bible who wishes to lead all to salvation. However, Hicks theocentric ideology came under criticism as many theologians accused his theology of still being exclusive of those religions that are non-theistic for example Buddhism. Hick therefore, developed a Kantian-type distinction between noumenal reality and the phenomenal world. 8 When outlined this ideology, encompasses all the various ways in which he claims the real or Eternal One9can be understood whether or not a religion is theistic or non theistic. When confronted with the claims made by many theologians that the incarnation of Christ gives Christianity superiority over other Hick argues that the incarnation should be interpreted as being symbolic and mythological and not literal and argues that the Council of Nicaea should no longer dictate modern theology. This perhaps leads to one of the major criticisms on Hicks theology. Hicks Pluralist theology and pluralism itself has attracted much criticism. His rejection of Solus Christus could be seen to be in fact exclusive of those Christians who believe that Christ is the only way to salvation. By the same token Hicks rejection of the incarnation as being literal, which is what, is observed by numerous Christians could be seen to be undermining one of the core essential in Christianity and therefore invalidating the Christian tradition. Because John Hicks theology stems from a Christian background his pluralistic theology could be said to be un-pluralistic, as he is not a member of every world religion. His opinions on other religions are, questionably purely objective, therefore his speculation and arguments that the religions of the world should move to be more theocentric than christocentric could be seen to appear to be taking some form of superiority over other world faiths This point forces the question, without a subjective knowledge of religion, by belonging to a particular religion can one make speculation or pass judgement on what would be desired and accepted by that religion? Many theologians have also become uncomfortable with Hicks idea that his idea of the real is not specifically attached to any particular faith; this could be highly problematic for religions that have formed their social and perhaps political tradition from a particular theistic perspective. Hicks real is without a historical background, and therefore is without characteristic or instruction, many religions depend on their own god, or gods or specific beliefs for guidance, the suggestion of there merely being a reality for all religions and not a main superior God may well deter people from religion as it is arguably too vague. Hick also dismisses the history and background of various religions as he leaves no room in his ideology of the real to amalgamate the originations of the historical, sociologically and even politically backgrounds of all world faiths. This in itself shows that Hick seems to take some kind of authority over other world religions. This in turn is hypocritical to what he states about Christian superiority. The way in which John Hicks ideology is worded is also problematic as his terms are usually associated with the Christian Tradition, terms such as salvation and grace often do not feature in other religions. Hick seems to assume that all religion has one common goal and that is to achieve salvation, comparisons can be made between Christian salvation and what may be its equivalency in other world faiths but, by using the term salvation, which has Christian connotations Hick eradicates the diversity of other religion, and enforces a Christian belief upon other religions and undermines their own respective beliefs. In conclusion, although John Hicks intentions are to create equality amongst religions, and to accept other religions as having a common superiority which appears to be beneficial in theory, he uses problematic terminology and his when forming his arguments. This in turn leads to criticism, which, perhaps, claims that Hick is hypocritical and controversial in his arguments. His radical arguments at times seem to fall short of explaining and including how his theology would work for all religion. His rejection of core themes in Christianity also evokes a sense of exclusivism and superiority. Hick does not seem to have a valid explanation for why it is necessary for all religions to have a common God. His theology although it strives for equality, arguably, ironically seems to in fact have the opposite effect, as it seems to undermine the practice and beliefs of other world faiths. Pluralism like, debatably, most theologies has varied disadvantages, in part this might be due to its apparent radicalism.

Chemical Safety In Schools Environmental Sciences Essay

Chemical Safety In Schools Environmental Sciences Essay Chemistry plays an important role in human civilization. It enables us to formulate substances important for disease treatment, fertilize plants and provide fuel for transportation ( ). For many years, chemistry has been considered the central science due to its significant connections and overlap with other sciences. If a scientific discipline involves matter, chances are that chemistry plays an important role. Therefore, we will always need people who have a good knowledge of chemistry. As expressed by Beach and Stone (1988) â€Å"chemistry education without laboratory is like painting without colors and canvas or learning how to ride a bike by reading its operating manual† (Tezcan and Bilgin, 2004). The study of chemistry in schools equips students with knowledge in the classroom and skills of conducting experiments in laboratories during practical sessions that are scheduled once a week for a period of two to three hours (MOH, 2001). 2.1.2 Hazards Chemical in the School E xperiments The teaching of chemistry at secondary school includes the use of hazardous chemical, which is essential for the understanding of chemistry fundamentals. Example of hazardous chemicals that are available at school chemistry laboratory are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, natrium hydroxide, hydrogen sulfate, ammonium sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, propanol and acetone (MOH, 2000). These chemicals are classified as hazardous chemicals to health under the Malaysia Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemical Hazardous to Health) Regulations 2000. In view of their hazardous characteristics, the government through the Department of Occupational Safety and Health regulates labelling and packaging of these chemicals. A specific law pertaining to these hazardous chemicals, the Occupational Safety and Health (Classification, Packaging John Kiesswetter et al., 1994; Medinsky et al., 1995). Malaysian Occupational Safety & Health (Ac t 514) and Occupational Safety & Health Regulation 2000 (Use and Standard of Exposure to Chemicals Hazardous to Health) specify the permissible exposure level (PEL). The PEL is the maximum time-weighted average concentration of hazardous chemicals in the air of working area that workers can be exposed without the need to wear personal protective equipment and the PEL for acetone, ethanol and formaldehyde are 1187.0, 1880.0 and 0.4 mg/m3, respectively (MDC, 2005). 2.1.3 Safety Precautions In view of the physical and health hazards of the chemicals, there is requires the implementation of safety precaution and hazard control to reduce the risk of exposure to the chemical hazards. Safety precaution differs based on the type of the chemical hazards. Safety precautions differ based on the type chemical hazards. General safety precaution is personal hygiene whereby the user as advice:

Heroin addiction Vs cancer support groups Term Paper

Heroin addiction Vs cancer support groups - Term Paper Example Their curiosity has given rise to a culture where people strive to help one another in any way they can. Social dealing and networking is one of the most fundamental ways in which people gain knowledge and awareness about common issues and learn how to deal with them. One such form of social networking is a support group. Support groups are such organizations or agencies that help people suffering from a common condition (usually disease) deal with their condition (Hunter, 2011). Support groups offer help to the needy both personally through appointments, and generally on-line. Preference of forum: There is considerable difference between the preference of forum for the support group between the Cancer patients and the Heroin addicts. Cancer is a disease that may be acquired because of any reason without the personal involvement or fault of the patient in his/her condition. There is generally, a lot of respect for Cancer patients in the society and they are looked at with sympathy an d affection. The case is not alike for Heroin addicts. Heroin addicts are visualized as useless members of society and are looked at with hatred. They are known as the cause of frustration and various social upsets in the society. People tend to keep their children away from the company of Heroine addicts. Many Heroin addicts are socially excluded. The society does not accept them.

External and Internal Environments Research Paper - 5

External and Internal Environments - Research Paper Example The issues related to this segment include obesity and health concerns and product quality concerns, including concerns related to the ingredients of the beverages (Coca-Cola Annual Report 2013). Another segment is the global segment, as the company operates globally, and is planning to expand its operations in developing and emerging markets. The company might fail its global growth strategy because of adverse economic and political conditions, different cultural attributes, limited purchasing power or inability to acquire local bottling companies (Coca-Cola Annual Report 2013). In the soft drink industry, fierce rivalry between dominant producers Coca-Cola and Pepsi Co and the threat of substitution are strong, while the threat of entry, the bargaining power of buyers and the power of suppliers are more benign. The Coca-Cola Company is facing fierce industry competition, and in order to keep its competitive advantage, the company has created and implemented integrated marketing programs, aimed to increase consumers’ awareness and raise appeal for the Coca-Cola’s brands (Coca-Cola Annual Report 2012). Moreover, in order to raise customer preference for Coca-Cola’s brands, the company has been undertaking some joint brand-building initiatives with the customers (Coca-Cola Annual Report 2012). As the threat of substitution is high in the soft drink industry as the popularity of tea, coffee and other non-alcoholic beverages is growing, the Coca-Cola has also diversified its brand portfolio with new products, substitutes for soft drinks, such as bottled waters (Dasani, Ciel), sport drinks (Powerrade), juices (Simply Orange, Del Valle), vitamin water and smartwater (Glacà ©au), tea (Fuze tea, organic bottled tea Honest Tea), etc. (Coca-Cola Company, n.d.). With the same two forces in mind, high industry rivalry and threat of substitution, it is possible to suggest that the Coca-Cola Company might introduce coffee drinks and more healthy (sugar

Technology Assisted Reproduction Essays -- Research Reproduction Essay

Technology Assisted Reproduction Introduction Reproduction is fundamental for the perpetuation of a species and therefore is a trait all species possess. Human reproduction is usually not viewed in this context. Extinction of humans is not considered a threat, but the ability to reproduce is an issue of meeting social expectations. Psychologist Dr. Helen Fisher states that society tends to pressure women into feeling that motherhood is their sole connection to being female (Rutter, 1996). Likewise, men are influenced by society into feeling that they need to perform their part by "planting the seed" (Rutter, 1996). Fisher's insight may only represent parts of the reason humans feel the need to reproduce. However, it is evident that the ability to conceive a child is an important issue for most married couples. Unfortunately, complications occur when couples are infertile. Recent developments in reproductive technology have provided alternative methods of reproduction that can greatly enhance an infertile couple's chances of conc eiving. However, there are ethical and legal issues that accompany the use of these reproductive technologies. It is the responsibility of everyone, especially Christians, to become informed of the options reproductive technology can provide as well as the legal and ethical issues involved with their use before taking appropriate action. Background Beginning at puberty, the human male makes millions of sperm a day and continues to do so for about the next 50 years. On the other hand, the human female is born with approximately one million eggs, which are all that she will ever have (Infertility, 1996). The onset of menstruation during adolescence signals the beginning of a cycle in which hormo... ...win births soar with popularity of fertility drugs." Discovery. http://detnews.com/1997/discover/9702/20/02170076.htm. (September 24, 1998). Nelson, J.B. (1973). Human Medicine: ethical perspectives on new medical issues. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House. "Reproductive Medicines." (1998). Organon. http://www.fertility-net.com/medicines.html. (September 23, 1998). "Reproductive Technology." (1996). Better Health and Medical. http://www.betterhealth.com/HK/ArticleMain/0,1349,178-496-488,00.htm. (September 23, 1998). Rutter, V. T. (1996, March). "Who stole fertility?" Psychology Today. pp. 46-49. Thomasma, D. C. & Kushman, T. Eds. (1996). Birth to Death. New York: Cambridge University Press. Youngkin, Dr. (1997). "Fertility Drugs." Texas Medical Association. http://www.texmed.org/news_events/radio_spots/ne_may0697_30.htm. (September 24, 1998).

Quiz and Final Exam Study Guide Essay

The quizzes and final exam are â€Å"open book, open notes. † The maximum time you can spend on a quiz is 45 minutes. On the final you will have 3 hours and 30 minutes. If you have not clicked the â€Å"Submit For Grade† button by the end of the allotted time, you will be automatically exited from the exam. In the final exam environment, the Windows clipboard is disabled, so you will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. 2. You should click the â€Å"Save Answers† button in the exam frequently. This helps prevent connection timeouts that might occur with certain Internet Service Providers, and also minimizes lost answers in the event of connection problems. If your Internet connection does break, when you reconnect, you will normally be able to get back into your final exam without any trouble. Remember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students are disconnected, so students should try to re-login as quickly as possible. If you lose your Internet connection during a quiz or the final exam, logon again and try to access it. If you are unable to enter it again, first contact the Help Desk and then your instructor. * You will always be able to see the time remaining in the quiz or final exam at the top right of the page. 5. There are multiple pages on the final exam. * Make sure you click the â€Å"Save Answers† button before advancing to the next page (we also suggest clicking on â€Å"Save Answers† while you are working). Complete all of the pages before submitting your Final Exam for instructor review. * Do NOT use your browser’s ‘Back’ and ‘Forward’ buttons during the final exam. * Please use the provided links for navigation. Submitting your quiz or final exam * When you are finished with a quiz or the final exam, click on the â€Å"Submit for Grade† button. * Please note: Once you click the â€Å"Submit for Grade† button, you will NOT be able to edit or change any of your answers. 7. Quiz and Exam Questions * On each quiz, there are 10 multiple-choice questions each worth 5 points and one essay question worth 10 points for a total of 30 points. On the final exam, there are 30 randomly selected multiple-choice questions each worth 5 points and 5 essay questions worth 30 points for a total of 300 points (150 multiple choice points, 150 essay points). * The final exam covers all course TCOs and Weeks 1-7. * The quizzes only cover the TCO’s for that week. * The final exam contains 3 pages, which can be completed in any order. You may go back and forth between the pages. * The quiz and final exam questions are pooled. This means that not everyone will have the same questions. Even if you do have some of the same questions, they may not be in the same order. These questions are distributed amongst the TCOs. * On the essay questions, your answers should be succinct, fully address each part of the question, and demonstrate your knowledge and understanding in a concise but complete answer. Most essay questions require answers that are a couple of paragraphs (not a couple of sentences) that directly speak to each part of the question. Some students opt to work on the essay questions first, due to their higher point value and length of time needed to adequately address each question, but this is entirely your choice. * Remember to always use proper citation when quoting other sources. This means that ANY borrowed material (even a short phrase) should be placed in quotation marks with the source (URL, author/date/page #) immediately following the end of the passage (the end quote). Changing a few words in a passage does NOT constitute putting it in your own words and proper citation is still required. Borrowed material should NOT dominate a student’s work, but should only be used sparingly to support your own thoughts, ideas, and examples. Heavy usage of borrowed material (even if properly cited) can jeopardize the points for that question. Uncited material can jeopardize a passing grade on the exam. As a part of our commitment to academic integrity, your work may be submitted to turnitin. com, an online plagiarism checking service. So please be VERY mindful of proper citation. 8. Some of the key study areas are below. While these are key areas, remember that the exam is comprehensive for all of the assigned course content and this study guide may not be all inclusive. The same goes for the quizzes: there may be material on the quiz that was part of the material for that week, but is not specifically listed here in the study guide.